[dehai-news] (Wikileak Cable)-Genesis of the Djibouti Eritrea Issue?

From: Sophia Tesfamariam <sophia_tesfamariam_at_hotmail.com_at_dehai.org>
Date: Thu, 3 Nov 2011 07:32:37 -0400

Selam
If we connect the dots...it is not hard to see where the Djibouti-Eritrea issue began. It should be recalled that the Djiboutian leader was in Asmara during the signing of the Agreement between the Government of Sudan and the Sudanese Eastern Front Rebels in October 2006. So what happened to turn him against Eritrea so quickly? What did Ethiopia tell Djibouti to get Djibouti so upset with Eritrea?Reading through the cables from Djibouti and Ethiopia tell an amazing story of deceit and treachery...one that will need full exposure,,,but for now, these few cables tell a whole lot about Ethiopia's role in the Eritrea Djibouti issue. >From reading the cables below, it is obvious that President Guelleh was only repeating what Ethiopia has told him to say. Eritreans already know Meles Zenawi's lingo, the following phrase used by Djiboutian President in one of the cables show that it is Meles Zenawi that has been yanking the Djibouti chain all along... Here are the phrases: "…Ambassador
said that the U.S. continued to share the GODJ's concern about Eritrea acting as an ongoing threat to Djibouti and a regional spoiler, and told Guelleh that in looking forward to the imminent expiration of the five-week time period given to Eritrea by the recent UN Security Council Resolution, the USG would remain ready to work with the GODJ in finding an effective approach to the border standoff. "Eritrea,"
Guelleh replied "will never listen to any resolution." Guelleh suggested that a more effective negotiating lever would be for the U.S. to halt theflow of the 2% tax levied on Diaspora Eritreans by the GOE, calling these funds President Isaias' "only source of foreign exchange." "If you suspend these funds for one month," Guelleh argued, it will "make Eritrea
obey any resolution." Furthermore, Guelleh warned, Isaias was too much under Libyan leader Al-Qadhafi's influence. Guelleh said that he was worried about Isaias "sending weapons" throughout the region, to Chad, Somalia, and other countries…(In a brief aside on Iran, Guelleh said that an Iranian naval vessel in Eritrea's Assab harbor is being used to funnel support to Shiite groups in Yemen.)…”
Djibouti, its government and people were played by Meles Zenawi and his ignominious cadres. It is no wonder then that an issue that had resolved itself according the French Foreign Ministry was fanned and escalated to this stage. It was the way Ethiopia planned it from the very beginning... and got IGAD, AU and the US UN Mission to advance its diabolic agenda against the people of Eritrea... US' strategic interests are not served by "isolating" and "sanctioning" Eritrea, they only serve the minority regime's agendas. Sooner or later, the truth will prevail... Sophie

Viewing cable 06ADDISABABA2526, ETHIOPIA: DEPUTY MINISTER TEKEDA TALKS SOMALIA,If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs Reference IDCreatedReleasedClassificationOrigin06ADDISABABA25262006-09-16 13:172011-08-30 01:44CONFIDENTIALEmbassy Addis AbabaVZCZCXRO5181 OO RUEHROV
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TAGS: PREL PGOV PTER ASEC MOPS AU ET ER SO SUBJECT: ETHIOPIA: DEPUTY MINISTER TEKEDA TALKS SOMALIA, REGIONAL ISSUES WITH DAS YAMAMOTO   Classified By: Charge Janet Wilgus for reasons 1.4 (b) and (d).  

¶1. (C) SUMMARY: Deputy Foreign Minister Tekeda Alemu told AF
DAS Yamamoto Sept. 16 that although the GOE does not see increased risk of conflict with Eritrea, it nevertheless would prefer a six-month extension of UNMEE. In Somalia, the GOE now hopes only to contain the Council of Islamic Courts (CIC) in Southern Somalia through an alliance with Somaliland and Puntland, bolstered by the deployment of Ugandan forces in IGASOM. Tekeda said that the GOE's major concern was that tensions between Somaliland and Puntland could weaken the alliance. The Deputy Minister remarked that the Puntland government was strong because of its firm base of clan loyalty. The Somali TFG, while more representative of Somalia as a whole, was weakened precisely by its multi-clan formula. Nonetheless, the GOE still regarded the Somalia's transitional federal institutions and charter as the only basis from which the international community could work. PM Meles has provided assurances to Ugandan President Museveni that Ethiopian troops would provide support to Uganda IGASOM troops in case of emergency. Tekeda expressed concern about increasing Eritrean influence over Djibouti as well as CIC contacts with President Guelleh. He encouraged the USG to speak frankly with Djibouti about the risks of its behavior, and thanked Yamamoto for the USG's assistance in bolstering Kenyan resolve in dealing with Somalia. END SUMMARY.  

¶2. (U) AF DAS Don Yamamoto met with Deputy Foreign Minister
Tekeda Alemu Sept. 16. Charge Wilgus and Pol/Econ Counselor joined Yamamoto, while Tekeda was accompanied by Director General for Europe and the Americas Almaz Amaha and Deputy Alayew Mamo.  



UNMEE RENEWAL: GOE PREFERS SIX-MONTH ROLLOVER
 

¶3. (C) DAS Yamamoto asked what the GOE hoped to see happen to
the mandate of the UN Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) at the late September UN Security Council meeting on this subject. Tekeda replied that although "it doesn't matter much," the GOE would prefer to see a six-month rollover of the mission in its current form. He denied that possible armed conflict with the Council of Islamic Courts in Somalia heightened the risk of an outbreak of hostilities with Eritrea, arguing that the current balance of forces along the Ethio-Eritrean border would continue to deter any attack by Asmara.  

¶4. (C) Tekeda also confirmed that the GOE would be
represented at the Sept. 18 UNSC session on Darfur by MFA Director for African Affairs Amb. Sahliework. He noted that he, PM Meles and Foreign Minister Seyoum would all be tied up in annual party meetings during that period. Tekeda, who is not officially a member of the ruling party, noted that he had been invited for the first time to the Amhara National Democratic Movement (ANDM) meeting. (NOTE: Meles and Seyoum will be attending the Tigrayan People's Liberation Front (TPFL) meeting at the same time. END NOTE.) The Deputy Minister added that if Minister Seyoum travels to the UNGA at all this year, it will be in late September.  



GOE SEEKING TO CONTAIN CIC
 

¶5. (C) Tekeda implied that thanks to U.S. support for the
warlord alliance against terrorism in Mogadishu, the CIC was ensconced as "part of the landscape" in Somalia. The most the GOE could now hope for, he said, was to contain the CIC, taking advantage of the CIC's narrow base in the Hawiye clan.  He claimed that most ordinary Somalis had evolved in their attitudes and no longer felt enmity towards Ethiopia. He pointed to relatively low turnout at CIC-organized rallies against Ethiopian intervention in Somalia, as well as the lack of problems encountered by Ethiopian troops who were now conducting training of TFG and Puntland militia. Tekeda said that the GOE could live with an "Islamic Republic of Somalia" so long as it did not have broader regional ambitions. The GOE's main objective was to sideline extremists in the CIC like Sheik Hassan Dahir Aweys.  



REGIONAL DYNAMICS ON IGASOM   ADDIS ABAB 00002526 002 OF 003    
 

¶6. (C) The Deputy Foreign Minister argued that deployment of
IGASOM in Somalia would show moderate forces within the CIC that there was "another show in town" apart from extremists. He claimed that Kenyan Foreign Minister Tuju had told the GOE in Nairobi that during Tuju's separate meeting with Sheik Sharif Ahmed, the latter eventually admitted that IGASOM deployment would be valuable, but had no mandate to agree with Kenya on this issue. Tekeda urged that the USG hold his information extremely closely. Tekeda said the GOE understood that there was no purely military solution to Somalia, but argued that it was necessary to display strength and credibility to bolster the position of moderates and counter the intimidation of extremist elements.  

¶7. (C) Tekeda maintained that Ugandan troops operating under
an IGASOM mandate would be able to manage the difficult situation in Somalia -- with strong backing from Ethiopia. Tekeda revealed that both he and PM Meles had provided assurances to the Ugandan government during separate trips to Kampala that Ethiopian troops would provide any support necessary to Ugandan troops under pressure from CIC forces. Ethiopian troops would be at the ready on the Ethiopian side of the border to respond to any emergency. The recent flare-up in tensions between Somaliland and Puntland constituted the "weakest flank" of the alliance that the GOE was constructing to counter the CIC, Tekeda said.  

¶8. (C) Tekeda thanked DAS Yamamoto for the USG's role in
firming up Kenya's resolve to counter the CIC threat in Somalia. Kenya, Uganda and Ethiopia were now unified in their commitment to support the TFG, he said. He indicated that the government of Sudan probably did not truly support IGASOM deployment, but did not dare go against the common position of IGAD, which also had support from the international community. DAS Yamamoto suggested to Tekeda that Arab League support for the deployment would be very helpful. Tekeda replied that Foreign Minister Seyoum could use his good relationship with Egypt to push for at least Egyptian acquiescence, if not outright support, for IGASOM.    

¶9. (C) The Government of Djibouti's opposition to IGAD
actions in Somalia are the result of its fear of Eritrean President Isaias, Tekeda said, as well as President Guelleh's personal business interests with Eritrea. The Deputy Foreign Minister speculated that the Djiboutian leadership was worried that Eritrea would support Afari separatist movements, as Isaias had done successfully in Sudan, if Djibouti did not follow Eritrea's lead in Somalia. Tekeda also told Yamamoto that Aweys and other CIC leaders had stopped in Djibouti to meet with President Guelleh on their way back from Libya the week before. Tekeda maintained that the GOD was "on the wrong path," and added that Djibouti was not strong enough to take Ethiopia's continued friendship and forbearance for granted. He criticized President Guelleh's recent visit to Tehran as well as his comments on a recent BBC Somali Service broadcast, in which he had called on Somalis to be vigilant in defense of their homeland against the Ethiopian threat.  



TEKEDA: MORE USG ENGAGEMENT NEEDED
 

¶10. (C) Tekeda urged that the USG speak frankly with Djibouti
about its role in the region. He said that President Guelleh would pay attention to U.S. concerns given the importance to him of the U.S. military base in Djibouti. "He must be told to choose" whose side he wanted to take. Tekeda also encouraged DAS Yamamoto to increase engagement with Somaliland leaders. He suggested that the GOE, USG and UK consult on how to reduce tensions and increase cooperation among the governments of Somaliland, Puntland and the TFG.  

¶11. (C) Speaking broadly, Tekeda told Yamamoto that due to
developments in Iraq, Afghanistan and elsewhere, "there is a perception (in the region) that the extremists are winning, and that the Western World is facing a setback. This  

ADDIS ABAB 00002526 003 OF 003     perception is emboldening extremists everywhere, including President Isaias and the CIC." Tekeda argued that strong action was need to brake this momentum and convince moderate forces that they will receive international support against extremists.
WILGUS
Viewing cable 08DJIBOUTI1032, DJIBOUTI: SENATOR FEINGOLD DISCUSSES REGION,If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs Reference IDCreatedReleasedClassificationOrigin08DJIBOUTI10322008-12-23 12:472011-08-30 01:44CONFIDENTIALEmbassy DjiboutiVZCZCXRO3484 RR RUEHDE RUEHROV RUEHTRO
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SUBJECT: DJIBOUTI: SENATOR FEINGOLD DISCUSSES REGION, SECURITY, AND GOOD GOVERNANCE WITH GODJ   Classified By: Amb. James C. Swan for reasons 1.4 (b) and (d)  

¶1. (C) SUMMARY. During a December 18-21 CODEL in Djibouti,
Senator Feingold discussed Djibouti, Somalia, and regional concerns with top GODJ and Somalia officials. In meetings with President Guelleh, Foreign Minister Youssouf, and members of Djibouti's civil society, the Senator focused on the strong U.S.-Djibouti partnership, domestic issues of security, development, and good governance, and wider Horn of Africa developments. In addition, the Senator held a series of meetings in Djibouti on Somalia issues, including with the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) and the Alliance for the Re-Liberation of Somalia (ARS), as well as with leaders from Somaliland and representatives of Somalia civil society and private sector (septel). END SUMMARY.  

¶2. (C) During separate meetings on December 20, Senator
Feingold thanked Djiboutian President Ismail Omar Guelleh and Foreign Minister Mahamoud Ali Youssouf for Djibouti's strong and "valuable" partnership with the U.S., and for hosting the Combined Joint Task Force Horn of Africa (CJTF-HOA) at Camp Lemonier. In response to the Senator's questions about how ordinary Djiboutians viewed the U.S. and the U.S. presence in Djibouti, Guelleh described the population as "friendly and sympathetic" towards the United States. Both Guelleh and Youssouf said that for the majority of Djiboutians, CJTF-HOA's presence represented positive opportunities for jobs, contracts, expanded contact with Americans, and much-needed civil affairs projects such as wells and schools.  Youssouf was also quick to add that the GODJ and the Djiboutian population appreciated not just CJTF-HOA's civil affairs projects, but all USG support towards meeting Djibouti's "development challenges," notably successful USAID programming. Both Guelleh and Youssouf said that many Djiboutians, especially those from the educated elite, had disagreed with some recent U.S. foreign policy decisions, notably in Iraq. However, Youssouf characterized these policy disagreements as a "political circus debate," noting that the general popular sentiment was that the U.S. presence in Djibouti brought with it substantial benefits for the country and its population.  



ERITREA-DJIBOUTI BORDER DISPUTE
 

¶3. (C) Senator Feingold addressed the ongoing
Eritrea-Djibouti border dispute, and offered his sympathy for the loss of Djiboutian forces during fighting in June. President Guelleh told the Senator that while he was eager to see a United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) on the dispute, he was unsure of how much such an UNCSR would truly "constrain" Eritrea, which he said was "still occupying" Djiboutian territory. Guelleh told the Senator that there had previously been "good relations" between Djibouti and Eritrea, and said that he attributed the June flare-up at the border to three factors: 1) Eritrea's misguided perception that the U.S. military presence in Djibouti threatened Eritrea; 2) Eritrean concerns that Djibouti's helpful involvement in orchestrating Djibouti Process talks between Somalia's Transitional Federal Government (TFG) and the Alliance for the Re-Liberation of Somalia (ARS) was harmful to Eritrean interests; and 3) Economic rivalry linked to the announcement of an ambitious project to build a bridge between Djibouti and Yemen, to include construction of a new economic hub city at the bridge's terminus in Djibouti in the vicinity of Moulhoule, near the Djibouti-Eritrea border.  

¶4. (C) Similarly, ForMin Youssouf agreed that Eritrea might
have been motivated by jealousy over the Port of Djibouti's economic success as Ethiopia's main lifeline to the sea, a false fear that the U.S. was using Djibouti as a "Trojan horse" to conspire with Ethiopia against Eritrea, and a desire to thwart the TFG-ARS Djibouti Process. Youssouf told the Senator that Eritrea needed to accept the idea of "status quo ante," withdraw from the border area, and open a dialogue with Djibouti--either directly, or through a third party. However, Youssouf noted that when the disagreement first surfaced, Eritrea had quickly rebuffed Djibouti's initial attempts to resolve it through dialogue. On the question of the over 73 Eritrean defectors/deserters now in Djiboutian  

DJIBOUTI 00001032 002 OF 004     custody, Youssouf indicated that the GODJ did not/not plan to return them to Eritrean control. "These people are asylum seekers," he said. "How can we return them when we know they will be killed?" In contrast, he added, Eritrea has denied the existence of any Djiboutian prisoners of war, and has refused access to the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).  



SOMALIA
 

¶5. (C) Noting the Senator's planned meetings on Somalia,
Guelleh said that he thought the international community was "close to finding a lasting solution for Somalia" through the Djibouti Process, and stressed the need for a continued strong USG commitment--including potential support for state building, security forces, and civil society in Somalia--to avoid another devolution into fighting. The Senator assured Guelleh that he would work to garner additional moral and material support from the USG, and said that he planned to engage with President-Elect Obama's team on this issue.  

¶6. (C) Senator Feingold and ForMin Youssouf also discussed
Somalia issues at some length. Youssouf called the latest political developments "very disturbing," and criticized TFG President Yusuf for "creating more confusion in the political process" through his dispute with TFG PM Nur Adde. The GODJ had met with Prime Minister Nur Adde the previous day, and with President Yusuf last week, ForMin Youssouf said, and had felt that President Yusuf's message had been simply, "it's me--or chaos in Somalia." ForMin Youssouf told the Senator that the goal would now be to "contain" Yusuf from becoming an "obstacle," and correctly predicted that the emergency December 21 Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) ministerial would turn Kenya's bilateral decision to impose sanctions on President Yusuf into a collective IGAD action. Noting that this was a "critical time" for IGAD countries, Youssouf also said that despite some past disagreements over Somalia policy, Djibouti and Ethiopia were now generally in "100%" agreement on foreign policy issues.  

¶7. (C) On the GODJ's role in the Djibouti Process, Youssouf
said that Djibouti's majority ethnic Somali population gave the GODJ insight into inter-Somalia politics, while Djibouti's small, unthreatening size led many to consider the GODJ as "more neutral" than other parties. Currently, Youssouf said, the GODJ was trying to "sensitize the international community" on the urgent need to bolster Somali security forces on the ground to avoid a potential security vacuum in the wake of an Ethiopian withdrawal. Youssouf said that he thought Somali security forces would be able to control the security situation, but only if Ethiopia withdrew in an "organized way." In addition, Youssouf said, the international community might not be responding as easily as might be desired, perhaps because of perception that the political process was not moving forward as quickly as it should.  



SOMALILAND AND PUNTLAND:
RECOGNITION VS. REGIONAL INTEGRATION
 

¶8. (C) In discussing President Yusuf, President Guelleh told
the Senator that he was concerned that Yusuf might "create a new secession of the Puntland region." Responding to the Senator's question about Djibouti's relationship with Somaliland, Guelleh said that although Djiboutians and Somalilanders were "part of the same family" and Somaliland had consistently pressed Djibouti to be the first to recognize Somaliland as an independent state, he had "told them many times that it would be very difficult to defend the idea of an independent Somaliland within the African Union (AU) or the UN." President Guelleh also noted the potential incompatibility of a fragmented Somalia with Djibouti's vision of greater regional integration. Still, Guelleh told the Senator, recognition remained a "sensitive question," as Somalilanders "cannot imagine any other solution." When asked by the Senator why Djibouti had such strong reservations about Somaliland independence, ForMin Youssouf said that despite warming Djibouti-Somaliland trade relations, regional experience had led the GODJ to believe that a "balkanized" Somalia could provoke instability, and retard efforts to deepen regional economic cooperation.    

DJIBOUTI 00001032 003 OF 004    



THREATS IN THE REGION:
TERRORISM AND PIRACY
 

¶9. (C) Senator Feingold asked President Guelleh and ForMin
Youssouf to comment on what they perceived as the most important threats to security in the region. On terrorist threats, President Guelleh said that radicalism had been brought to the region by Saudi and Sudanese elements, and that Somali culture was traditionally hostile to suicide bombings and extremist influences. ForMin Youssouf also characterized terrorism in Somalia as "circumstantial," and said that Al-Shabaab was simply "surfing a wave" of opportunity created by the Ethiopian presence. Nevertheless, Youssouf agreed with the Senator that "desperation" could lead people to use terrorist tactics, and said that Djibouti had strengthened its security posture following the October terrorist attacks in Somaliland and Puntland.  

¶10. (C) On the ongoing threat of piracy off the coast of
Somalia, Guelleh told the Senator that he appreciated continued high level dialogue with the USG on the issue, and also welcomed recent greater engagement from the European Union. ForMin Youssouf emphasized the impossibility of decoupling piracy from the instability on land in Somalia. "Chaos," he said, "can lead to all kinds of anachronistic phenomena, such as piracy or even slavery." Most of the pirates, Youssouf said, were drawn from former naval forces, with some converted fishermen thrown in, and had "nothing to do with Al-Shabaab."  



FOSTERING GOOD GOVERNANCE
 

¶11. (C) During his visit, Senator Feingold discussed issues
of good governance, transparency, and human rights with President Guelleh, Foreign Minister Youssouf, and members of civil society:  

---POLITICAL SPACE: President Guelleh told the Senator that the opposition had "systematically refused to participate in any election" for some time. However, Guelleh also explained that his own ruling coalition, the Union for a Presidential Majority (UMP), already represented an alliance of several parties, including former rebel and opposition leaders. The existence of this strong coalition, Guelleh said, weakened the remaining opposition.  

--PRESS FREEDOM: In response to the Senator's concerns about the paucity of independent press outlets in Djibouti, Guelleh responded that Djibouti was a small oral society which valued "free speech more than free writing" and preferred to exercise "liberty of expression" through debates in coffee shops rather than through formal news sources. Guelleh also said that the main factor inhibiting the growth of independent press was the absence of a lucrative advertising and distribution base.  

--HUMAN RIGHTS AND WOMEN'S RIGHTS: President Guelleh described traditional "tolerance" as Djibouti's greatest asset, pointing out that there were no political detainees, no death penalty in use, and no religious persecution. President Guelleh also underscored the GODJ's current fo7Q$XQ;Wm56*QY] s involvement in political and economic life, noting that he felt the "Arab world is suffering from the lack of women's participation."  

--CORRUPTION: Senator Feingold asked President Guelleh how the GODJ was tackling issues of corruption. While noting that bribery was not traditionally accepted in nomadic Djiboutian culture, Guelleh said that addressing corruption remained a top priority for his government. If not aggressively deterred, Guelleh said, corruption could become a "gangrene" that might deter foreign direct investment.  

--NO THIRD TERM: When asked by the Senator if he were considering amending Djibouti's constitution to run for third term in office, President Guelleh said that he was "not thinking about it myself." He told the Senator that he agreed with the principle of a two-term limit, remarking that "what a politician can contribute to the population in twelve years of efforts is more than enough--after that it will become routine"    

DJIBOUTI 00001032 004 OF 004     --CIVIL SOCIETY ROUNDTABLE: Senator Feingold's questions engendered a lively debate among diverse participants at a December 21 roundtable on Civil Society, Good Governance, and the Private Sector. Issues discussed included press freedom, advancement of women, judicial independence, opposition participation, perceptions of the U.S., and human rights. Most participants supported the GODJ's perspective on freedom of the press and civil society.  



PRESS COVERAGE
 

¶12. (U) Local press enthusiastically covered Senator
Feingold's meetings with GODJ and Somalia officials. Photographs and stories on the Senator's meetings nearly filled the first three pages of the December 22 edition of "La Nation," the national French language newspaper, and coverage of the Senator's meeting with President Guelleh ran as the lead item in Radio Television Djibouti's nightly news broadcast December 20.  



COMMENT
 

¶13. (C) Senior GODJ officials were keen to meet with the
Chairman of the Africa Subcommittee, and Senator Feingold's visit allowed both for a frank exchange of views with the GODJ on regional issues, and a prime opportunity to deepen discussions on domestic questions of good governance.  

¶14. (U) Senator Feingold cleared this cable.
 

SWAN
Viewing cable 08PARIS908, SOMALIA/DJIBOUTI: MFA DAS PROVIDES OVERVIEW ONIf you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs Reference IDCreatedReleasedClassificationOrigin08PARIS9082008-05-12 11:452011-08-30 01:44CONFIDENTIALEmbassy ParisVZCZCXRO1702 PP RUEHBC RUEHDE RUEHKUK RUEHROV RUEHTRO DE RUEHFR #0908/01 1331145
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SUBJECT: SOMALIA/DJIBOUTI: MFA DAS PROVIDES OVERVIEW ON MAY 7   REF: A. MAY 6 PARIS POINTS
     ¶B. PARIS 861   Classified By: Political Minister-Counselor Josiah Rosenblatt, 1.4 (b/d ).  

¶1. (C) SUMMARY: MFA DAS-equivalent Helene Le Gal on May 7
provided succinct overviews of Somalia and Djibouti. On Somalia, she said that the draft UNSC anti-piracy resolution was running into opposition and that it might be best first to adopt the UK's separate draft resolution, covering broader Somali issues, and then work for adoption of the anti-piracy resolution. France-Somalia relations had become closer as a result of successful joint action against Somali hijackers of the French vessel "Le Ponant." Nevertheless, the French are reluctant to provide the type of military assistance Somalia had requested during President Yusuf's recently concluded visit. On Djibouti, Le Gal said the GOF continued to advise Djibouti not to make an international case of Eritrea's recent border incursion into Djibouti. END SUMMARY.  

SOMALIA



¶2. (C) We met with MFA AF DAS-equivalent Helene Le Gal on
May 7 to discuss Somalia in the wake of TFG President Yusuf's visit earlier in the week (see ref A). Le Gal began by reviewing the status at the UNSC of the draft anti-piracy resolution supported by both the U.S. and France. She noted that opposition to the draft was starting to build. China, Indonesia, and South Africa had begun to express concerns, largely over what she described as "sovereignty" issues and the question of setting a precedent by allowing potentially excessively broad UN authorization to send warships into areas plagued with piracy. Le Gal believed that these concerns could be addressed but she acknowledged that adopting the resolution would likely be more complicated and time-consuming than originally believed. She noted that South Africa had been suggesting that the anti-piracy resolution be folded into the broader UK draft resolution on Somalia. Le Gal said that instead, the Security Council could adopt the UK draft first, and then adopt the anti-piracy resolution. She thought that having the UK resolution in place first might make it easier for doubters to accept the anti-piracy text.  

¶3. (C) Le Gal acknowledged that the recent piracy incident
involving the French vessel "Le Ponant" had brought Somalia and France closer together. During Yusuf's visit, both sides reiterated their appreciation of the other's cooperation during the hijacking incident. Yusuf reassured the French that Somalia had absolutely no problem with France's prosecuting the six pirates in France. Le Gal confirmed that France had agreed to double food aid to Somalia, to 7 million euro.  

¶4. (C) Le Gal confirmed as well that the GOF had refused a
Somali request that French troops stationed in Djibouti be deployed to Somalia to help provide security. She said that Yusuf had made another request for French help in training Somali security forces that the French had to turn down, at least for now. Le Gal said that the French responded negatively but did not completely close the door -- "we said 'perhaps not now, let us think about it and see how things go.'" Le Gal explained that France would have to consider carefully any form of military or para-military assistance to Somalia. She said that Somalia needed to carry out security sector reform of its own. French training could not take place in Somalia, given the lack of infrastructure, functioning institutions, and overall instability. Le Gal said that France could not provide training to anything that smacked of being a "militia." Yusuf had asked that France help train Somalia's Coast Guard, but Le Gal said that the GOF had information indicating that the Coast Guard, or at least some elements of it, were in league with the region's pirates. It would be easier to work with the police, Le Gal noted. In any case, the French would sit on these requests for now but would consider changes in circumstances that would make these training possibilities more feasible.  

DJIBOUTI



¶5. (C) Le Gal limited her comments on Djibouti to its
dispute with Eritrea over the latter's incursion into  

PARIS 00000908 002 OF 002     Djiboutian territory. Le Gal took the same position she had on May 2 (ref B) -- that Djibouti should back off, respect the fact that Eritrea had withdrawn, and not aggressively pursue its claim of having been wronged. Djibouti had taken the case to the UNSC, AU, and Arab League. Le Gal said that in her view, the AU and Arab League responses had been perfunctory -- the AU informed both sides that they could present their cases, and the Arab League indicated it would consider sending a mission to the region. Le Gal said the Djiboutians had been phoning her "three times a day" and that her message to them was to avoid raising tensions in the region over an incident that had resolved itself peacefully. She repeated that, while Ethiopia's border dispute with Eritrea was long-standing, there appeared to be no historical basis for a border dispute between Eritrea and Djibouti, which was another reason that both sides should avoid turning this episode into a real problem.      

Please visit Paris' Classified Website at: http://www.state.sgov.gov/p/eur/paris/index.c fm  

PEKALA
Viewing cable 09DJIBOUTI563, DJIBOUTIAN FM REPORTS IGAD SEEKS MORE AGGRESSIVE MANDATE FORIf you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs Reference IDCreatedReleasedClassificationOrigin09DJIBOUTI5632009-05-28 08:312011-08-30 01:44SECRETEmbassy DjiboutiVZCZCXRO4564 RR RUEHDE RUEHROV RUEHTRO
DE RUEHDJ #0563/01 1480830
ZNY SSSSS ZZH
R 280831Z MAY 09
FM AMEMBASSY DJIBOUTI
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 0438
INFO IGAD COLLECTIVE
SOMALIA COLLECTIVE

RHEFDIA/DIA WASHINGTON DC
RHMFISS/CJTF HOA
RUEAIIA/CIA WASHINGTON DC

RUEHDJ/AMEMBASSY DJIBOUTI
RUZEFAA/CDR USAFRICOM STUTTGART GES E C R E T SECTION 01 OF 02 DJIBOUTI 000563   SIPDIS
DEPARTMENT FOR AF/E
LONDON, PARIS, ROME FOR AFRICA WATCHER
AFRICOM AND CJTF-HOA FOR POLAD   E.O. 12958: DECL: 2019/05/28
TAGS: PREL MOPS MASS KPKO SO ER ET DJ XA SUBJECT: DJIBOUTIAN FM REPORTS IGAD SEEKS MORE AGGRESSIVE MANDATE FOR AMISOM   REF: 09 DJIBOUTI 555; 09 DJIBOUTI 525   CLASSIFIED BY: Eric Wong, DCM, U.S. Department of State, U.S. Embassy, Djibouti; REASON: 1.4(B), (D)  

¶1. (S) SUMMARY. According to Djiboutian Foreign Minister Mahmoud
Ali Youssouf, IGAD Foreign Ministers agree that the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) requires a more robust mandate, with Uganda urging the need to "review the rules of engagement ." Youssouf also highlighted AMISOM's need for helicopters and armored vehicles, to enable AMISOM to take more aggressive actions to stabilize Mogadishu. All of Somalia's neighbors, except Eritrea, agree on a common regional approach of supporting Somalia's Transitional Federal Government (TFG), Youssouf said. In contrast, Eritrea continues to serve as a regional spoiler: rejecting the TFG's legitimacy, ignoring appeals from regional organizations to vacate Djiboutian territory occupied since early 2008, and reportedly infiltrating Eritrea-trained insurgents into northern Djibouti. FM Youssouf said Djibouti welcomed the recent adoption of UNSCR 1872, as well as the USG's positive response to Djibouti's request for assistance in transporting Somali TFG forces to Djibouti for training. END SUMMARY.  

¶2. (C) In a May 27 meeting with Ambassador and DCM, Foreign
Minister Mahmoud Ali Youssouf said the GODJ welcomed the May 26 adoption of UNSCR 1872, as it reinforced previous statements supporting the TFG from the African Union (AU) and IGAD. He noted, however, President Guelleh's concern that UNSCR 1872 did not explicitly identify the means by which the international community was to support the TFG in the establishment of a National Security Force and a Somali Force. If aid could not be given directly to TFG forces, then perhaps AMISOM could serve as the medium, Youssouf said.  

REGIONAL LEADERS AGREE AMISOM REQUIRES MORE AGGRESSIVE MANDATE  
¶3. (C) Youssouf highlighted the need to revise AMISOM's mandate to
allow it to take more aggressive actions to stabilize Mogadishu. According to Youssouf, there had been consensus at the recently concluded IGAD Ministerial to give AMISOM a more robust mandate, with Ugandan Foreign Minister Sam Kutesa leading the call to "review the rules of engagement." According to Youssouf, on May 25, Ethiopian Foreign Minister Seyoum Mesfin had raised with Kenyan Foreign Minister Moses Wetangula the need for a concerted approach by IGAD members to the AU and to the UN Security Council, in support of such measures, as well as the need to apply greater pressure on Eritrea.  

¶4. (S) AMISOM needed helicopters for better surveillance, as well
as armored vehicles, Youssouf said, noting that he had advised Somali TFG President Sheikh Sharif (now en route to Tripoli) to submit a formal written request to the UN, in order to help identify the TFG's most urgent needs. Youssouf also noted that the GODJ would seek reimbursement from the USG for two shipments of unspecified weapons Djibouti had recently provided to the TFG. Ambassador asked for a detailed list of the items, in order to convey the request to the Department. The Minister stressed the need to backfill the arms and ammunition quickly, in view of the continued threat from Eritrea.  

¶5. (C) Per guidance from AF, Ambassador informed FM Youssouf that
the USG would be able to support Djibouti's request for assistance (refs A-B) to transport (via contract air) an initial contingent of approximately two hundred Somali security forces to Djibouti for training. Ambassador explained that the USG would need details of the number, names, units, dates of travel, departure and arrival locations, etc. The Embassy's Office of Security Cooperation (OSC) chief will follow up with GODJ military to obtain this information.  

ERITREAN-TRAINED FIGHTERS ALLEGEDLY INFILTRATE DJIBOUTI  
¶6. (C) Djibouti remained concerned about illicit Eritrean arms
deliveries to insurgents in Somalia, Youssouf said, noting that Eritrean President Isaias continued to reject recognition of the TFG. Except for Eritrea, all the countries in the region were united in seeking a common approach to support Somalia, Youssouf said.  

¶7. (S) Eritrea also continued to seek to destabilize Djibouti,
Youssouf said. He reported that Ethiopian FM Seyoum had informed him on May 24 of Ethiopian intelligence that more than 200 rebel fighters (presumably ethnic Afars), who had been trained in  

DJIBOUTI 00000563 002 OF 002     Eritrea, had infiltrated Djibouti via Ras Doumeira-which has been occupied continuously by Eritrean troops since at least March 2008. Youssouf said Djibouti responded to the report by putting Djiboutian troops on alert, and activating additional forces along the border with Eritrea.  

¶8. (C) Commenting on Eritrean President Isaias's numerous recent
appearances in international media (including Egyptian media, Al Jazeera, and even Voice of America), Youssouf said Isaias continued to deny any incursion into Djibouti. Instead, Isaias had asserted that the border crisis was "fabricated", and had continued to defy the AU, IGAD, and Arab League, calling such international organizations "moribund."  

¶9. (S) COMMENT. Djibouti's common borders with Somalia and
Eritrea, and its close ties to ethnic groups in both countries, make these neighbors a key security concern for Djibouti. As the host of IGAD's Secretariat, Djibouti actively supports IGAD and its diplomatic efforts to bolster Somalia's TFG. Djibouti will soon observe a national day of mourning (June 10), to commemorate the one-year anniversary of the outbreak of armed hostilities with Eritrea-and of Eritrea's continued military occupation of Ras Doumeira. Despite the burden of defending its northern border, Djibouti continues to use its modest means to provide material support to the TFG. END COMMENT.
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