From: Berhane Habtemariam (Berhane.Habtemariam@gmx.de)
Date: Wed Jul 07 2010 - 18:21:20 EDT
Nile River row: Could it turn violent?
Jul 7, 2010 08:59 EDT
The giggles started when the seventh journalist in a row said that his
question was for Egypt's water and irrigation minister, Mohamed Nasreddin
Allam.
The non-Egyptian media gave him a bit of a hammering at last week's
<http://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE65R08D20100628?sp=true> talks
in Addis Ababa for the nine countries that the
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nile> Nile passes through.
Allam bared his teeth when a Kenyan journalist accused him of hiding behind
"colonial-era treaties" giving his country the brunt of the river's vital
waters whether that hurt the poorer upstream countries or not.
"You obviously don't know enough about this subject to be asking questions
about it," he snapped before later apologising to her with a kiss on the
cheek.
Five of the nine Nile countries - Ethiopia, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda and
Kenya - last month
<http://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE64I0EF20100519?sp=true> signed
a deal to share the water that is a crucial resource for all of them. But
Egypt and Sudan, who are entitled to most of the water and can veto upstream
dams under a 1929 British-brokered agreement, refused.
The Democratic Republic of the Congo and Burundi have not signed yet either
and analysts are divided on whether they will or not. Six Nile countries
must sign the agreement for it to have any power but Egypt says even that
wouldn't change its mind. The five signatories - some of the world's poorest
countries - have left the agreement open for debating and possible signing
for up to a year.
Tensions were clearly still running high after two days of negotiations in
Addis and despite grinning around the table and constantly referring to each
other as "my brother", the ministers always seemed in danger of breaking
into bickering.
When the Sudanese water minister said his country was freezing cooperation
with the Nile Basin Initiative - the name given to the ten-year effort to
agree on how to manage the river - Ethiopia's water minister loudly
protested to the media that his Sudanese colleague had not revealed that
during their private meetings.
Highlighting the seriousness of the issue, Egyptian Foreign Minister Ahmed
Abul Gheit and International Cooperation Minister Fayza Abul Naga,
<http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/54524> arrived in Addis Ababaon
Wednesday to again meet Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles Zenawi.
It's no surprise that the spat is getting a lot of press in both Ethiopia
and Egypt.
"Egypt is a gift of the Nile," people like to say in a country that
worshipped the river as a God in ancient times. "If Egypt is a gift of the
Nile, then
<http://ethiopianunitydiasporaforum.com/news/nile-is-above-all-a-gift-of-eth
iopia/> the Nile is a gift of Ethiopia," Ethiopians shoot back with growing
confidence.
And they have a point. More than 85 percent of the waters originate in
Ethiopia, which relies on foreign aid for survival and sees
<http://af.reuters.com/article/investingNews/idAFJOE64D0PJ20100514>
hydropower dams as a potential cash cow and central to its plans to become
one of Africa's only power exporters.
But Egypt is not for turning. Almost totally dependent on the Nile for its
agricultural output (a third of its economy) and already worried about
climate change, it is determined to hold onto its 55.5 billion cubic metres
of water a year, a seemingly unfair share of the Nile's total flow of 84
billion cubic metres.
The Egyptians point out that they don't benefit from rains like the upstream
countries. Everybody, it seems, has valid points. Nobody is budging. Now
some regional analysts are even saying the row could turn into the world's
first major water war and similar thoughts are being expressed in cafes from
Cairo all the way upriver to Dar es Salaam.
So what next? The nine countries are due to meet again in Nairobi sometime
between September and November. But where is the way forward? Who will blink
first? And who really should? Could this bickering turn violent?
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