Britain and America target DR Congo
They have been cornered by financial crisis
Antoine Roger Lokongo
2012-11-29, Issue <
http://www.pambazuka.org/en/issue/608> 608
<
http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/features/85610>
http://pambazuka.org/en/category/features/85610
What is happening in eastern DR Congo is not a civil war, but continuation
of a 16-year aggression by the country’s two neighbours, financed and
directed by the United States and
Britain.
http://www.pambazuka.org/images/articles/608/obamacameron.jpg
INTRODUCTION
All the signs are written on the wall that after the split of Sudan, the
United States of America is targeting the Democratic Republic of Congo to
re-enact the same scenario: arming the Tutsi regime of Rwanda and Uganda to
the teeth to occupy eastern Congo for some time, first of all to extract its
strategic minerals which the Western economies in crisis desperately need,
and then annex it to Rwanda and Uganda. This conspiracy against the
Democratic Republic of Congo is now an open secret. The stakes are therefore
both economic and geostrategic but they have been uncovered, including by
the latest United Nations report which accused Ugandan and Rwandan officials
of supporting M23, the so-called rebel group in the Democratic Republic of
the Congo, and recommended to the United Nations that it sanctions Kampala
and Kigali. Although there are doubts that such recommended sanctions will
be implemented, nevertheless this represents a moral victory for the people
of the Democratic Republic of Congo which could not have been won with a
Mobutu-like president.
REBELLION? WHAT REBELLION?
First of all, there is no rebellion in eastern Congo. After Laurent Kabila
was assassinated, the whole international community imposed what was called
the ‘brassage’ or integration of the army; all the rebel groups had
unconditionally to be incorporated into the army. Then came the 2004 Gen
Nkunda war backed by Rwanda and Uganda still, Kinshasa having had no respite
to re-organize its army. That was an open infiltration for which Congo is
paying a heavy price today. All the media that refer to Tutsi insurgents as
rebels are wrong! Rwanda and Uganda, both staunch allies of the United
States and Great Britain, continue to support Tutsi insurgents - led by
General Bosco Ntaganda, a Tutsi warlord wanted by the International Criminal
Court for recruiting child soldiers in 2006 and who was also placed under
Security Council sanctions. For America which is waging a war against global
terrorists, paying some lip service to punish Tutsi terrorists is a bluff!
We are therefore not surprised that America worked with al-Qaeda members to
overthrow Gaddafi (Gardham, Swami and Squires 2011).
On 26 October 2012, President Joseph Kabila of the DRC dispatched a special
envoy to President Yoweri Museveni of Uganda to request him to authorise the
closure of the Bunagana border post because Kinshasa had concerns that, ‘M23
rebels’ were taking advantage of the open border point at Bunagana to
collect revenues from cargo vehicles and other goods. Museveni acquiesced
but warned that the DRC must ‘take responsibility for any negative impact on
the humanitarian situation’ as result of closing the border (...) in the end
(Akugizibwe 2012). Museveni knew what he was talking about because
immediately after the closure, the M23 attacked the Congolese army in
Kibumba. Les Forces Armées de la République Démocratique du Congo (FARDC),
as the Congolese army is known, responded and killed more than 150 Tutsi
insurgents out of 900 and approximately wounded 300 to 450 (evacuated to
Rwanda). Some of them were wearing Rwandan military uniforms; in fact six
Rwandan high ranked officials were also killed. Congo lost two army
officers.
A furious Kagame immediately deployed several battalions of fighters,
well-equipped with night-vision equipment allowing them to fight at night,
including goggles as well as 120 mm mortars (some say American made) who
captured Goma and dislodged the Congolese army after a stiff resistance,
pursued them up to Sake 30km from Goma. The Congolese army pushed them back
and inflicted heavy losses on them but the Rwandans re-captured the town
later. The United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in Congo, known
by its French acronym as MONUSCO, even filmed three Rwandan tanks being
driven from a Rwandan military base across the border to the headquarters of
Congo’s M23 rebel militia . The Congolese army is now concentrated in Minova
and preparing a counter-offensive after General Olenga, the new army chief
of staff, was appointed following the suspension by President Joseph Kabila
of General Gabriel Amisi, the chief of land forces over, UN accusations he
ran a huge arms smuggling network supplying Congolese rebels and other
groups. A report by the UN Group of Experts on the DRC accuses Amisi of
overseeing a network that provides arms and ammunitions to poachers and
armed groups, including some with links to the M23.
The Democratic Republic of Congo is a member of the Southern Africa
Development Community and since it has been ascertained that Congo has once
been attacked by Rwanda (a SADC delegation visited Goma recently), we do not
think SADC will remain indifferent to Congo being re-invaded, with hundred
of people killed, maimed, women raped, children forcefully enrolled in the
rebel armies and abused. According to a reliable sources, SADC countries
might already have deployed troops in eastern Congo.
According the plan made by regional leaders (Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and
Congo) a joint force would be deployed at Goma airport comprising of a
company of neutral African troops, a company of the Congolese army (FARDC)
and a company of the M23. The leaders told M23 to withdraw from current
positions to not less than 20 km (12 miles) from Goma town within two days,
but did not say what the consequences would be if the rebels did not comply.
Elsewhere, rebels would simply be disarmed, strangely not in Congo where
international law and war crimes do not apply.
But the Congolese are determined to avert any balkanisation of their
country. With the support of its allies, Tutsi insurgents will face a
stronger fire power. Rwanda will not be able to intervene because the border
will now well monitored.
In fact, China Great Wall Industry Corp will launch Democratic Republic of
Congo's first satellite, which will also be developed by China, before the
end of 2015, according to a contract signed recently. The contract for
CongoSat 1, a communications satellite to be developed and manufactured by
the China Academy of Space Technology for the National Network of Satellite
Telecommunications of the African country, was inked in Zhuhai, Guangdong
province.
The signing was on the sidelines of the Ninth China International Aviation
and Aerospace Exhibition, also known as the Zhuhai Airshow. The contract
shows the CongoSat 1 design will be based on the DFH 4 satellite platform,
capable of covering the Democratic Republic of the Congo and all the central
and southern parts of the African continent through the advanced
transponders installed on the satellite. China will build ground control and
training facilities and will train satellite-control personnel for the
client. China Telecom, one of the country's biggest telecommunications
companies, will also play an active role in the project by upgrading the
operation system and providing management services to the network. The deal
marks the second time that China has exported a satellite to African
nations, following the NigComSat 1, another communications satellite that
was launched for Nigeria in May 2007 by Great Wall.
At the same time, the UN is said to have contacted Britain and France asking
them to supply drones that can be very useful in monitoring Congo’s borders
with Rwanda and Uganda. This could be another Trojan horse!
MONUSCO’S COMPLICITY
Despite the Goma airport still being controlled by MONUSCO, the latter could
not hide its complicity with Tutsi insurgents. MONUSCO did not engage M23 in
battle in Goma, according to a South African soldier who did not give his
name. ‘We [MONUSCO] have had no trouble with M23, to be honest,’ he said.
That tells it all and justifies current protests throughout Congo against
MONUSCO’s presence.
WASHINGTON EMBARRASSED
Washington, embarrassed by the leaked UN Panel report which showed clearly
that its Rwandan and Ugandan lackeys are arming Congo rebels and providing
troops and whose final publication it was trying to block, is attempting to
cover up the real culprits, Museveni and Kagame, who act as mercenaries for
American and European interests in Africa and whose regimes are armed to the
teeth, generously supported by foreign aid, and allowed free rein to plunder
their Congolese neighbors. Just a day after the UN Panel report was leaked,
Rwanda was accepted as ‘non-permanent member of the UN security Council’ .
Which world do we live in?
Uganda for its part pitched a kind of puppet tantrum, threatening to pull
its troops out of so-called peace-keeping duties in Somalia, as Glen Ford
reported. Museveni’s government is angry, because yet another United Nations
report has been leaked, showing that Ugandan and Rwandan military officers
are directly in charge of the so-called rebels that are wreaking havoc in
Congo. This is not a Congolese civil war, but a continuation of a 16-year
aggression by its two neighbours, financed and directed by the United States
and Britain.
Uganda’s threat to pull out of Somalia has proven to be empty. After all,
what is a samurai without a lord and master? Uganda’s value to the United
States lies in its willingness to kill other Africans on orders from
Washington. A Uganda withdrawal from Somalia would amount to going on strike
against its employer, the United States – a very dangerous thing to do.
Besides, who else is going to employ the Ugandan and Rwandan mercenaries?
By the time the Uganda delegation got to New York, there was no more mention
of leaving Somalia, much less a Ugandan disengagement from the US Special
Forces units that President Obama sent into the Great Lakes region, last
year. Uganda had temporarily forgotten its place as a servant in the
neocolonial scheme of things. But, in truth, the Ugandans and Rwandans need
not worry about the US cracking down on their genocidal activities in Congo,
because that, too, serves America’s purpose: to control Africa by drowning
it in chaos and blood (Ford 2012).
KAGAME, THE SPOILT CHILD OF ANGLO-SAXONS
In fact, Stephen Rapp, the head of the US war crimes office has warned
Rwanda’s leaders, including President Paul Kagame, that they could face
prosecution at the International Criminal Court for arming groups
responsible for atrocities in the Democratic Republic of Congo, adding that
they may be open to charges of ‘aiding and abetting’ crimes against humanity
in a neighbouring country – actions similar to those for which the former
Liberian president, Charles Taylor, was jailed for 50 years by an
international court in May 2012 (McGreal 2012).
Three days later, the US Embassy in Kigali issued a statement in which it
said that the media reports suggesting that senior Rwandan officials faced
possible prosecution by the International Criminal Court (ICC) for alleged
support to DRC’s M23 rebels were inaccurate.
‘Ambassador (Stephen) Rapp was not calling for any specific prosecution in
this case,’ Susan Falatko, the Public Affairs Officer, at the American
Embassy in Kigali told The New Times, saying the official was misquoted by
the newspaper. ‘He sought to underscore the importance of holding to account
those responsible for crimes against humanity, noting as a general principle
that neighbouring countries have been held responsible in the past for
cross-border support to armed groups,’ she added. A senior ICC official is
said to have said that the Hague-based court was not investigating any
Rwandan leader
The Obama administration even pompously announced that it was withholding a
paltry $200,000 in fiscal year 2012 foreign military financing funds that
were intended to support a Rwandan academy for non-commissioned officers,
adding that these funds will be reallocated for programming in another
country.
ANOTHER OBAMA’S WAR
Another glaring contradiction which does not bother America’s conscience (if
it has any) is that American trained and paid Rwandan and Ugandan soldiers
have been deployed as ‘peacekeepers’ in Darfur and Somalia while at the same
time they are making the blood of millions of Congolese flow into the
ground, while billions of dollars in minerals are extracted from the earth
and delivered to their corporate customers – with Rwandan and Ugandan
middlemen pocketing their cut. America is also trying to sweep under the
carpet the genocide that Rwanda and Uganda have committed in Congo since
1996. As we know, Rwanda and Uganda invaded the Democratic Republic of Congo
in 1996, ostensibly to hunt down Hutu fighters among millions of refugees
from ethnic violence in Rwanda. But the invasion became an occupation that
has killed six million Congolese – the world’s greatest holocaust since
World War Two. The genocide has been very profitable for Uganda and Rwanda,
who have plundered eastern Congo’s mineral resources for sale to
multinational corporations, most of them based in the United States and
Europe.
According to a report published in his blog, Jason Stearns of the
International Crisis Group, who also has been a member of the UN Panel of
Experts, US ambassador to the US Susan Rice delayed the publication of UN
Group of Experts' interim report, insisting that Rwanda be given a chance to
see the report first and respond. While these UN investigations are supposed
to give the accused the opportunity to respond and explain –– the Group says
it was refused meetings by the Rwandan government, which Kigali denies ––
they rarely allow them to see the entire report before publication. In any
case, the Group finally did brief a Rwandan delegation in New York in June
in New York (unsurprisingly, the Rwandan rejected the report as flawed) and
the report was released.
Stearns says that Rice emerged as a skeptic within a State Department that
had largely accepted Rwanda's role in backing the M23. Both Assistant
Secretary of State Johnnie Carson and Special Envoy Barry Walkley have told
Kigali explicitly to stop supporting M23. According to sources within the
Obama administration, Rice has weighed in during these conversations, even
when they do not directly relate to the United Nations.
According to an international NGO that follows Security Council politics
closely, ‘Rice isn't convinced that support is ongoing––maybe [there was
some] in the past, but not now.’ Others point to her skepticism at the UN
Group of Experts reports and their methodology.
Her latest controversial step was to block the explicit naming of Rwanda and
Uganda in this week's UN Security Council resolution, condemning the M23
occupation of Goma. As in previous statements, the body demanded that ‘any
and all outside support to the M23 cease immediately.’ Other Council members
had wanted to name Rwanda explicitly, but Rice demurred, arguing that this
would not be constructive in a process in which Rwanda must be part of the
solution. Rice's supporters say that this was simply the official US
position, and she was following orders from Washington .
Susan Rice, a key player in Obama’s administration (now tipped to become the
next US Secretary of State) was then Bill Clinton’s Under-Secretary of State
for African Affairs who could not hide her government’s satisfaction with
Rwanda’s and Uganda’s felony in Congo. Had her then boss Secretary of State,
Madeleine Albright not said that ‘Rwanda is to the US what the pupil is to
the eye’?
As the Ugandan and Rwandan armies occupied Eastern Congo and engaged in open
warfare with the new DRC government, Rice continued to support their efforts
and offered US diplomatic and barely-cloaked military support. Her arrogance
was unbounded. She was sent on a mission in 1999 to visit Kinshasa to
discuss the US position on the war with Kabila. On her way to Kinshasa she
stopped first at Kigali to meet Kagame and then in Entebbe to meet Museveni.
She then cabled Laurent Kabila that she was ready to be received in the DRC.
Kabila went to N’Djili Airport to meet Susan Rice in person. Kabila, to
everyone’s amusement, greeted Rice as she descended from the plane saying,
‘I greet you Madame Rice, as the ambassador from Uganda’; for that was in
effect what she was. Rice spent her time lecturing Kabila about how awkward
it made US foreign policy when Angola, Namibia and Zimbabwe troops assisted
the DRC in repelling the Ugandan and Rwandan invasion of the DRC and the
rape and plunder they were causing in the Kivus and Kasai. Rice was happy to
see the war against the DRC as US African policy had always shunned Angola
and Zimbabwe because they were not allied inflexibly to the US in their Cold
War struggle with Russia and China.
This predilection for Uganda and Rwanda and contempt and hostility toward
Zimbabwe continues to this day. The fact that both Uganda and Rwanda still
occupy parts of the DRC and pillage its resources and massacre its citizens
- through M23 - does not seem to bother her as US ambassador to the UN, let
alone if she becomes Secretary of State. These two nations now are part of
the US proxy army in Africa and receive her full support at the United
Nations.
The US is firmly behind Kagame and Museveni. In fact, Rwanda has now become
the ‘CIA listening post’ in the region from a station built on top of Mount
Karisimbi. That is why a new international airport is soon to be built in
the Bugesera area of Rwanda, in order to decongest the current Kanombe
international airport near the capital, Kigali, which will soon become a
military airport; as Colette Braeckman of the Belgian daily Le Soir revealed
on 20 February 2008.
Uganda for its part runs the Singo Training School, in Kakola, 75 miles
north of Kampala. It is a training camp operated by the Ugandan military,
but the instruction is overseen by the Military Professional Resources
Incorporated (MPRI), a subsidiary of L-3 Communications, based in the
District. It is one of four State Department contractors that are training
African troops for Somalia (and Congo). US contractors are hired by the
State Department and American military trainers are playing a supporting
role, offering specialized instruction in combat medicine and bomb
detection, among other subjects.
Moreover the Uganda government has since 2003 splashed an annual retainer of
$300,000 on the Washington DC-based Whitaker Group, which is owned by the US
former Assistant Trade Representative for Africa, Rosa Whitaker, for
lobbying in the US. Dr. Jendayi E. Frazer, former US Assistant Secretary of
State for African Affairs (a successor to Susan Rice in that post) is now
working as a lobbyist on behalf of the Ugandan government as part of the
Whitaker Group (TWG) as a strategic advisor. The Washington D.C.-based firm
has a long-standing relationship with Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni and
is currently under a million dollar a year contract with the Ugandan
government.
After Obama came to power, his administration’s policy on the ‘Congo
question’ did not change. In fact, one of Obama’s advisers was
embarrassingly caught red-handed while attempting to smuggle minerals from
Eastern Congo and his jet was impounded. Kase Lawal, 57, is a Nigerian-born
American who propelled CAMAC International Corporation’s rise to a $2.4
billion private company — said to be the second-largest
African-American-owned business in the US - was appointed to a trade
advisory post by the Obama administration, and has held similar positions in
Republican administrations. He lost $30 million after financing a botched
deal to buy 1,000 pounds (475 kg) of smuggled gold from the Democratic
Republic of Congo, according to a report by United Nations investigators.
The transaction ultimately profited General Bosco Ntangada. The
investigation was mandated by the UN Security Council to probe links between
mineral trading and illegal armed groups in eastern DRC (Fitzgerald 2012).
Washington’s double game playing in the Great Lakes Region came to light in
2008,
following the breakdown of peace talks between the Ugandan government and
the the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA),which the United States, after the
September 11 attacks declared a terrorist group and Joseph Kony its leader a
terrorist. In late 2008, the National Security Council authorised AFRICOM to
support a military operation (one of the first publicly-acknowledged AFRICOM
operations) against the LRA, which was believed to be in the Congo at the
time. AFRICOM provided training and US$1 million in financial support for
‘Operation Lightning Thunder’ - a joint endeavour of the Ugandan, Congolese
and South Sudan forces in Congolese territory launched in December 2008 to
‘eliminate the threat posed by the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA)’ and never
the threat posed by Rwandans and Ugandans in eastern Congo as if some
terrorists are better then the others. According to the United Nations, the
offensive ‘never consulted with partners on the ground on the requirements
of civilian protection. Stretching over a three-month period, it failed in
its mission and the LRA scattered and retaliated against the Congolese
population; over 1,000 people were killed and up to 200,000 displaced.
This battle against the LRA has to be seen as a continuation of the battles
in Eastern Congo. In October 2011, US President Obama authorised the
deployment of approximately 100 combat-equipped U.S. troops to central
Africa. They will help regional forces ‘remove from the battlefield’ Joseph
Kony and senior LRA leaders. ‘Although the U.S. forces are combat-equipped,
they will only be providing information, advice, and assistance to partner
nation forces, and they will not themselves engage LRA forces unless
necessary for self-defense’, Obama said in a letter to Congress.
ENTER THE BRITISH
Britain has been blocking European sanctions against Rwanda -- in fact
shamelessly went back on its word. The former British Secretary for
International Development Andrew Mitchell told MPs that he had decided to
resume Britain’s £16m aid package to Rwanda after two out of three
conditions set by the UK - a ceasefire in the Kivus region and an end to
practical support from Rwanda to militias - were met. The Congolese people,
in fact the whole world, aren’t aware of such a ceasefire as the unfolding
situation on the ground shows.
Feeling isolated and under pressure after all major European countries
suspended their aid support to Kagame, Prime Minister David Cameron finally
acknowledged that ‘the international community could not ignore evidence of
Rwandan involvement with the M23’ and called on Kagame to ‘show the
government of Rwanda had no links to the M23.’
When Joseph Kabila made a deal with Paul Kagame in 2009 to allow the Rwandan
army to enter Congo and hunt Hutu militia, he did not know that on the
Rwandan side scheming British were being associated to ‘the project’. It is
for that matter that the Chief of General Staff (CGS) of the British Army,
Gen. Sir Richard Dannatt travelled to Kigali specifically to be briefed by
his Rwandan counterpart James Kabarebe about the operation on ‘how their two
armies could work together’. He also met President Kagame. Rwanda boasts the
Gabiro School of Infantry where a commander’s course, the first of its kind,
is jointly conducted by Rwandan, British and American instructors (under
Africom, the Africa Military Command).
It was only later that the people of Congo realized that the Tutsi continued
to use the war against Hutu ‘genocidists’ as a pretext for occupying mining
concessions and systematically exploiting them. In fact the 4,000 thousand
Rwandan troops did not really leave as such and have turned into what they
call M23 today.
The discovery of oil has sharpened the appetites: the British company SOCO
(which has offices in Kigali) began oil exploration in Virunga National Park
in North Kivu. As for the oil field discovered in Lake Albert, operations
should be shared between Uganda (which will develop a refinery) and Congo.
But for the ground extending into Rutshuru, Rwanda via its M23 allies could
claim to take its share of the loot.
During his tenure, former British Prime Minister Tony Blair was very much
Rwanda and Uganda’s partner in crime in Congo. James Astill, writing in the
British daily, The Guardian, on 10 April 2003, said it all: ‘While Rwanda
and Uganda remain in Congo, peace will be impossible. Yet both continue to
receive more than half their budgets in Western aid, and only an occasional
chiding for their role in the slaughter. How do they get away with it?’
The biggest donors to both Rwanda and Uganda are Britain and America.
Britain contributes over £30 million a year to Rwanda's budget. Clare Short,
then British minister for international development, flew in and out of
Uganda, Rwanda and the Great Lakes Region several times a year. So, she must
have known what was going on.
In his Guardian article, Astill wrote that when he returned from a reporting
trip to Congo in the middle of 2002 and put his findings to British and
American diplomats, ‘virtually all - off the record, of course -
corroborated them’.
‘I put them to Clare Short, and she refused to comment,’ said Astill who
went on to quote Richard Dowden, the former Africa editor of the British
weekly, The Economist, as saying that when he asked Glare Short why, in
2002, Rwanda ‘needed to occupy [Kisangani] a diamond-rich town 700 miles
into Congo to protect its border’, Ms Short hit the roof.
Tony Blair now acts as personal adviser to Mr Kagame, while one of his
charities, the Africa Governance Initiative (AGI), employs about 10 people
inside the Rwandan government, helping it to run more effectively (Mendick
2011). However, Tony Blair who claims success in reconciling the Catholics
and the Protestants, hitherto enemies in Northern Ireland, is backing away
from encouraging Kagame to initiate a inter-rwandan dialogue susceptible to
reconcile Hutu and Tutsi so that they can share power, live in peace. The
Ugandan government must also dialogue with people from the North and their
Lord Resistance Army (LRA) movement. This is the only way that will bring
peace to eastern Congo.
As Jacqueline Umurungi writes, some of Kagame’s greatest admirers are Bill
Clinton, Tony Blair and Starbucks magnate Howard Schultz. American
evangelist Rick Warren considers him something of an inspiration and even
Bill Gates has invested in what has been called Africa’s success story. Yes,
Western liberals, reactionary evangelicals, and capitalist carpetbaggers
alike tout Paul Kagame as the herald of a new, self-reliant African
prosperity. Britain annually subsidizes 50 per cent of Rwanda’s national
budget (Umurungi 2012). Now you understand why the war in mineral-rich
eastern Congo never ends and why, mockingly according to the BCC, ‘there is
no end to the tears in the DRC.’
This is what Obama must tell his American electorate in case he promised
them a big chunk of Congo: The Democratic Republic of Congo’s territorial
integrity is non-negotiable.
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* Antoine Roger Lokongo is a journalist and Beijing University PhD candidate
from the Democratic Republic of Congo.
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