Obama official gives insights on US Congo policy
Kambale Musavuli
2013-03-06, Issue <
http://www.pambazuka.org/en/issue/619> 619
<
http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/features/86489>
http://pambazuka.org/en/category/features/86489
The US insists on greater attention and response to the crisis in the DRC.
However, it appears that the Obama administration continues to operate on
the notion that 'quiet diplomacy' is the best way forward when it comes to
holding its allies Rwanda and Uganda accountable for their role in
destabilizing the country
On Monday, February 11, 2013 at the Brookings Institution, outgoing
Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs, Johnnie Carson, presented
an outline of the Obama Administration's policy position on the situation in
the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).
The purpose of Ambassador Carson's presentation- titled 'Finding a Lasting
Solution to Instability in the Democratic Republic of the Congo' - was
twofold: discussing why efforts should be redoubled to bring stability to
the Congo and laying out a framework for 'moving forward.'
He outlined four main reasons for action:
1. The moral imperative to respond;
2. The consequences of Congolese instability for US national interest;
3. The fiscal and financial imperatives calling for attention to the
situation;
4. The contention that failure in bringing stability to DRC is not an option
for the world.
Ambassador Carson asserted in clear terms 'that the international community
has a moral imperative to act more effectively in the DRC to break this
cycle of death and suffering and to address the other consequences of this
violence.' He laid out the Administration's strategy for action and moving
forward, which includes:
1. Implementation of the UN Framework Agreement - to be signed on Sunday,
February 24, 2013;
2. Establishment of a comprehensive and inclusive peace process around the
UN Framework Agreement led by a UN Special Envoy;
3. Restructuring of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in the Congo
(MONUSCO) including the integration of a regional intervention brigade;
4.Enactment of Governance and security sector reform in the DRC.
Ambassador Carson called for greater attention to and response to the crisis
in the DRC. However, it appears that the administration continues to operate
on the notion that 'quiet diplomacy' is the best way forward when it comes
to holding its allies Rwanda and Uganda accountable for their role in
destabilizing the Congo.
The most telling and poignant point in Ambassador Carson's remarks came, not
in his presentation of the Obama Administration's four-pronged approach, but
in the question and answer session. The first question posed to Ambassador
Carson asked for his input on the matter of Congo's neighbour, Rwanda, and
its persistent destabilization of the DRC:
'You spoke about the actions that have been taken, sanctions against five
members of the leaders of the M23, five members of FARDC that we supported,
actions taken. You mentioned as well the concern that the M23 was supported
by external forces, and the report of the UN panel and your own testimony
last December indicate that Rwanda had provided that kind of support. Why
haven't we pressed for any of those individuals - individual soldiers -
officers of Rwandan military to be sanctioned?'
Ambassador Carson gave an unsatisfactory response that betrayed the claims
in his presentation, asserting that the actions the US has taken to date -
cutting of $200,000 in military aid and a phone call to Paul Kagame from
President Barack Obama - 'have been appropriate for the time.'
This response pinpoints the failure of US policy, in particular, as well as
other nations and institutions in the international community: reluctance to
fully hold to account Congo's neighbours who have played a direct role in
the deaths of millions of Congolese, the pilfering of the country's
resources and the perpetuation of the conflict through repeated invasions
and the sponsoring of proxy militia.
Evidence of this reluctance has manifested itself in the persistent inaction
and burying of the UN Mapping Exercise Report, which documents serious
violations of human rights and international humanitarian law carried out
mainly by US allies Rwanda and Uganda in the DRC from 1993 to 2003.
The Mapping Exercise report is unequivocal in its identification of the
destabilizing roles by outside support, going further to argue that 'the
apparent systematic and widespread attacks described in this report reveal a
number of inculpatory elements that, if proven before a competent court,
could be characterised as crimes of genocide.' The report is referring, in
this section, to the Rwandan army.
Other than to argue for greater attention and higher priority in the US
foreign policy portfolio, Ambassador Carson did not clearly lay out how US
Congo policy will substantially change from the past 16 years. Unless
accompanied by a break with current policy, greater attention will not bring
increased peace or security to the DRC.
The current policies have their roots in the Clinton administration's
Entebbe Principles of unfettered support for the so-called 'new breed of
African leaders,' a political approach that has been disastrous for the
people of the Congo and the Great Lakes Region of Africa. It is the entire
policy position that must change, not degrees of attention to the same modes
of approach.
Key omissions from Ambassador Carson's presentation are calls for adequate
measure of accountability and justice as outlined by 220 Congolese
organizations. One would not know from listening to Ambassador Carson that a
substantial portion of the North Kivu province is still under occupation by
the Rwanda-backed M23 militia.
A number of local Congolese newspapers have been consumed with Ambassador
Carson's statements about Yugoslavia and Sudan:
'Clearly, a sophisticated and internationally backed solution is the only
way forward. We were able to achieve such a solution to end the conflict in
the former Yugoslavia through the Dayton Accords. We were able to end
Africa's longest running civil war, the conflict in Sudan, through the
Comprehensive Peace Agreement that was negotiated by the IGAD states and
supported by the United States, Norway, and Great Britain. [...] A similarly
energetic and international effort is now required for the D.R.C.'
The local papers believe that Ambassador Carson was signaling that greater
US involvement in the DRC peace process would doom the DRC to the fate of
both the former Sudan and Yugoslavia and result in the break-up of the
country.
Although Congolese must be vigilant about any attempt to balkanize the DRC,
the local newspapers may have read too far into that part of Ambassador
Carson's statements. He mentioned the DRC in the context of Yugoslavia and
Sudan not necessarily to laud the specific outcomes in both countries, but
to emphasize the priority and profile both countries received from the US to
push for a peace process.
President Obama has been clear and unequivocal about the territorial
integrity of the DRC and, in a follow-up blog to his speech on February 21,
2013, Ambassador Carson noted that his four-point prescription is meant to
'protect the territorial integrity of the DRC.'
Though the US government claims it wants to uphold the territorial integrity
of the DRC, its current policies do not bode well for doing so. The
four-point plan articulated by Ambassador Carson gives a pass to US allies
Rwanda and Uganda who pose the greatest threat to the territorial integrity
of the DRC. Key shifts on the part of the U.S. in regard to its policies in
the region should include:
1. Stronger steps in holding Rwanda and Uganda accountable - withholding of
further military aid, placing both the Rwandan government and its high-level
officials named in the UN reports on the sanctions list, and investigating
whether the Leahy Amendment has been violated in US training of Rwandan
troops.
2. Just as the US is demanding democratic reform in the DRC, it should also
demand democratic reform in both Rwanda and Uganda. The authoritarian nature
of both regimes has been a significant component in their destructive role
in the DRC over the past sixteen years. Not only have both governments
militarized political space inside their countries, they have also exported
this militarization to the DRC to the detriment of the Congolese civilian
population.
3. Support must be given to democratic institutions and the democratic
process in the DRC.
Ambassador Carson's public opinion on the DRC elections was ill advised.
When asked about the 2011 elections he answered: 'My own impression, as
someone who looks at the situation, is that even if we had had a fair
accounting throughout this process, I think President Kabila probably would
have still won.'
This is pure speculation. His point was to dismiss the need for a 'fair
accounting' of the 2011 elections, which is troubling; the concern of US
officials in his position should always be to ensure the electoral processes
are transparent, fair, and just.
The US must play a constructive role in supporting democratic processes in
DRC. With the help of US policies, democracy in the DRC has been repeatedly
sacrificed in the name of security; history shows that such approaches lead
to the current situation, in which there is neither democracy nor security.
In his July 2009 Ghana speech, President Obama publicly recognized the need
for a new approach and a clean break from Clinton era practices; he said
that the US must support strong institutions in Africa, 'not strongmen.'
This is a clear vision for changes in foreign policy approaches that has yet
to be made a reality.
* Kambale Musavuli is the spokesperson for the Friends of the Congo. He is
featured in the short film 'Crisis in the Congo: Uncovering the Truth,' a
short version of an upcoming documentary looking at the role of Rwanda and
Uganda in the mass atrocities being committed in the Congo. He can be
reached at <mailto:kambale_at_friendsofthecongo.org>
kambale_at_friendsofthecongo.org Follow him on twitter _at_kambale or facebook at
<
https://www.facebook.com/kambalemusavuli>
https://www.facebook.com/kambalemusavuli
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Received on Thu Mar 07 2013 - 16:27:19 EST
